Barrick Lab :: Research

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---+!! Barrick Lab :: Research

<font size="+1">Listen to an introduction to our research: [[https://ebrcintranslation.buzzsprout.com/1581817/7907029-2-studying-evolution-and-engineering-bug-guts-w-jeffrey-barrick][Studying Evolution and Engineering Bee Guts (EBRC in Translation Podcast)]]</font>

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See also: [[PreviousResearch][Previous Research Projects]]

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#EvolvingAndEngineeringInsectSymbionts
---++ Evolving and Engineering Insect Symbionts

Many insects have more consequential associations with bacteria than we have with the human microbiome. We create genetic tools to study these bacterial symbionts and engineer their interactions with insects. We also use experimental evolution to examine how new symbionts arise and how interactions within a microbiome and between microbes and their hosts can change. These projects are highly collaborative and have also involved researchers from the [[http://web.biosci.utexas.edu/moran/][Moran Lab]], the [[https://ellingtonlab.org][Ellington Lab]], the [[http://bwdaviesutaustin.org/][Davies Lab]], and other research groups.

%ICON{addon}% *Current Funding:* ARO MURI, NSF EDGE, ERDC &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Past Funding:* DARPA BRICS, DARPA Insect Allies

%ICON{edittopic}% *Overview Publication*
   * Elston _et al._ (2022) _Trends in Microbiology_  [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34103228][PMID: 34103228]]

---+++ Honey Bees: Functional Genomics and Protecting Pollinator Health
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<center><img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/Leonard_2020_Science.png" width='400' /> %BR%
*Engineered symbionts kill honey bee parasites* </center>
</div>Bees are ecologically and economically important pollinators. We created a bee microbiome toolkit (BTK) for engineering bacteria that colonize the guts of honey bees (_Apis mellifera_) and bumble bees (_Bombus species_). We recently showed that we can engineer the bacterium _Snodgrassella alvi_ to implement effective symbiont-mediated RNAi. This system can be used for the targeted knockdown of bee genes to study their functions. For example, we have used it to alter honey bee feeding behavior. We have also shown that these engineered symbionts can be used to protect honey bees from viral pathogens and arthropod parasites that imperil the health of hives.

%ICON{group}% *Current Researchers:* Zuberi Ashraf, Kadena Cope, PJ Lariviere, Lucio Navarro, Dennis Mishler

%ICON{bubble}% *News:* [[https://cns.utexas.edu/news/bacteria-engineered-to-protect-bees-from-pests-and-pathogens][Bacteria Engineered to Protect Bees from Pests and Pathogens]]

%ICON{edittopic}% *Representative Publications*
   * Lariviere _et al._ (2023) _Nature Protocols_  [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36460809][PMID: 36460809]]
   * Leonard _et al._ (2020) _Science_  [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32001655][PMID: 32001655]]
   * Leonard _et al._ (2018) _ACS Synthetic Biology_ [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608282][PMID: 29608282]]
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---+++ Aphids: Understanding the Evolution of Endosymbionts
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<center><img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/website_fig_aphid.png" alt="website_fig_aphid.png" width='400'  /> %BR% *GFP-tagged symbiont colonizing the aphid gut* </center>
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Aphids are plant pests and model systems for studying bacteria-insect symbioses. We have developed tools for engineering strains of _Serratia symbiotica_ that colonize the aphid gut. We are now using these tools to unravel how these strains, which can be pathogenic to their hosts, are related to strains of _S. symbiotica_ that live within insect cells, are inherited across aphid generations, and can benefit their aphid hosts. We have showed that cultured _S. symbiotica_ strains are capable of maternal transmission within aphids, suggesting that they possess a latent capacity to evolve a long-term symbiotic relationship with their hosts. We are also exploring applications of these engineered bacteria related to pest control.

%ICON{group}% *Current Researchers:* Anthony VanDieren

%ICON{bubble}% *News:* [[https://cns.utexas.edu/news/turning-plant-pests-into-helpers][Turning Plant Pests into Helpers]]

%ICON{edittopic}% *Representative Publications*
   * Elston _et al._ (2023) _PeerJ_ [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36874963][PMID:  36874963]]
   * Elston _et al._ (2020) _Applied and Environmental Microbiology_ [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33277267][PMID: 33277267]]
   * Perreau _et al._ (2020) _mBio_ [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35012344][PMID: 35012344]]
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---+++ Leafhoppers: Evolution and Biochemistry of Natural Nanoparticles
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 <center><img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/leafhopper_website.png" alt="leafhopper_website.png" width='400' />%BR% *Leafhopper and SEM image of brochosomes on its wing* </center>
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Leafhoppers produce unique nanostructures, called brochosomes, that they anoint onto their wings and sometimes eggs. Brochosomes have interesting materials properties, including superhydrophobicity and omnidirectional antireflectivity. We are characterizing natural variation in brochosome structures and performing comparative genomics to understand the molecular components that make up these structures, how they evolved, and their biological functions. We are also working towards genetically engineering symbionts of leafhoppers to create new tools for studying brochosomes and potentially enhancing their properties for various applications.
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%ICON{group}% *Researchers:* Jack Dwenger, Jace Gertz

%ICON{bubble}% *News:* [[https://cns.utexas.edu/news/tiny-insects-provide-inspiration-for-new-biomaterials][Tiny Insects Provide Inspiration for New Biomaterials]]

#SyntheticBiologyReliability
---++ Improving the Reliability of Synthetic Biology

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<center><img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/evolutionary_half_lives.png" width='350' /> %BR%
*Evolutionary half-lives of biological devices* </center>
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Synthetic biology applies engineering principles to create living systems with predictable and useful behaviors from collections of standardized genetic parts. However, living systems – unlike mechanical devices – inevitably evolve when their DNA sequences accumulate copying errors, often resulting in "broken" cells that no longer function as they were programmed. We are addressing this challenge by better characterizing how engineered cells evolve and using this information to design DNA sequences and host cells that are more robust against unwanted evolution. Also, precisely defining the function, extent, and provenance of genetic parts can be complicated because variation in these parts can arise from engineering or intentional evolution. This work includes: (1) developing "negative design" software to alert researchers to genetically unstable and unintentionally burdensome DNA designs; (2) using experimental evolution and engineering to create "antimutator" variants of host organisms that have lower-than-natural mutation rates; and (3) developing databases and software tools for improved annotation of engineered DNA sequences and common variants of those sequences. 

%ICON{group}% *Current Researchers:* Cameron Roots

%ICON{edittopic}% *Representative Publications*
   * McGuffie & Barrick (2021) _Nucleic Acids Research_ [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34019636][PMID: 34019636]]
   * Deatherage et al. (2018) _Nucleic Acids Research_ [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30137492][PMID: 30137492]]
   * Jack _et al._ (2015) _ACS Synthetic Biology_ [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26096262][PMID:26096262]]
   * Renda _et al._ (2014) _Molecular Biosystems_  [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24556867][PMID:24556867]]

%ICON{addon}% *Current Funding:* NIH R01;  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Past Funding:* NSF CAREER, DARPA BRICS, DARPA Insect Allies

#GenomeDynamics
---++ Dynamics of Microbial Genome Evolution
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<center><img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/genome_circle_evolution.png" width='350' /> %BR%
*Accumulation of mutations in population Ara-1 of the LTEE over 20,000 generations of evolution* </center>
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We develop the [[http://barricklab.org/breseq][<i>breseq</i>]] computational pipeline for identifying mutations in laboratory-evolved microbial genomes from next-generation sequencing data. We have used this tool to extensively study rates of genome evolution in the 30-year Lenski [[http://the-ltee.org][long-term evolution experiment (LTEE)]] with _E. coli_. We continue to develop _breseq_ so that it can be used for more additional applications related to strain engineering and medicine. For example, we are interested in how tracking rare variants within populations of microorganisms can anticipate further evolutionary trajectories and how this information might be used to better diagnose and treat disease. 

%ICON{group}% *Current Researchers:* Daniel Deatherage, Ira Zibbu, Jack Dwenger

%ICON{bubble}% *News:* [[https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01620-3][Legendary bacterial evolution experiment enters new era]]

%ICON{edittopic}% *Representative Publications*
   * Deatherage & Barrick _et al._ (2021) _Cell Systems_ [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34536379][PMID: 34536379]]
   * Zhang _et al._ (2019) _Nature Communications_ [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31863068][PMID: 31863068]]
   * Deatherage _et al._ (2017) _PNAS_ [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28202733][PMID: 28202733]]
   * Deatherage and Barrick (2014) _Methods Mol in Molecular Biology_ [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24838886][PMID:24838886]]
   * Barrick and Lenski (2013) _Nature Reviews Genetics._ [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24166031][PMID:24166031]]

%ICON{addon}% *Funding:* NSF LTREB, UT-CNS SPARK, NSF EEID, NASA &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Past Funding:* NSF K99/R00

#AbaylyiEvoEng
---++ Evolution and Engineering of Naturally Transformable Bacteria 

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<center><img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/ADP1_wiki_figure.png" width='280' /> %BR%
*Insertion sequences (red) deleted in the transposon-free strain _Acinetobacter baylyi_ ADP1-ISx* </center>
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Naturally competent bacteria have expanded evolutionary potential because they can readily acquire new DNA from their environment. We are using experimental evolution of the model organism _Acinetobacter baylyi_ ADP1 to understand how horizontally acquired genes and mobile genetic elements become domesticated after their incorporation into a new genome and the broader effects of gene acquisition on the rest of the genome. We are also studying the role of chemical specificity in determining the fate of acquired DNA as either nutrition or genetic information. These bacteria also provide an improved platform for studying microbial genome engineering due to the ease of reconstructing mutations and introducing new genes. We are investigating sources of genetic instability in ADP1 and engineering a clean genome version of this strain by deleting transposable elements and prophages. This will promote the use of ADP1 in synthetic biology by reducing rates of mutations that lead to inactivation of introduced genes. Further, we are using ADP1 as a platform to understand the limits to streamlining bacterial genomes and identifying adaptations to overcome the fitness costs of reduced genomes.

%ICON{group}% *Current Researchers:* Isaac Gifford, Elizabeth Manriquez

%ICON{edittopic}% *Representative Publications*
   * Suárez _et al._ (2020) _Nucleic Acids Research_ [[https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/48/8/4585/5813807][PMID:32232367]] 
   * Suárez _et al._ (2017) _Applied and Environmental Microbiology_ [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28667117][PMID:28667117]] 
   * Renda _et al._ (2015) _Journal of Bacteriology_ [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25512307][PMID:25512307]] 

%ICON{addon}% *Funding:* NSF, UT-CNS SPARK &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Past Funding:* Welch Foundation, NSF CAREER

#PhageEvoEng
---++Evolution and Engineering of Bacteriophages<a name="Evolution and Engineering of Bacteriophages"></a>
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<center><img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/Pinetree_Phage_Glyph.png" width='280' /> <br />
<figcaption> *Simulating engineered phage* </figcaption>
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The rise of multiple drug resistant pathogenic bacteria has raised the question of available, robust alternatives to antibiotics for disease treatment. Our lab is exploring new techniques for modifying bacteriophages for use in phage therapy. Evolution, engineering, and expansion of bacteriophage genomes has the potential to diversify target diseases for treatment, perform diagnostics for proactive disease prevention, and improve the efficacy of existing applications. We are working to accomplish these advancements through computational simulations and non-standard amino acid integration. The introduction of non-standard amino acids into the repertoire of protein production also brings insights into evolutionary outcomes that may not be possible in existing natural environments. Learning about evolution enabled by non-standard amino acids can lead to applications beyond the scope of viruses. We collaborate with the [[https://wilkelab.org/][Wilke lab]] to use their [[https://github.com/clauswilke/pinetree][Pinetree]] software for simulating phage gene expression and evolution.

%ICON{group}% *Current Researchers:* Cameron Roots, Victor Li

%ICON{edittopic}% *Representative Publications*
   * Monk _et al._ (2017) _ACS Synthetic Biology_ [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27648665][PMID: 27648665]]
   * Hammerling _et al._ (2014) _Nature Chemical Biology_ [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24838886][PMID: 24838886]]

%ICON{addon}% *Funding:* NIH R01 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Past Funding:* Welch Foundation

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Barrick Lab > ResearchInterests
Contributors to this topic
JeffreyBarrick, KateElston, SarahBialik, IsaacGifford, GabrielSuarez, CameronRoots, JuliePerreau
Topic revision: r57 - 2023-09-19 - 23:18:59 - Main.JeffreyBarrick